Final answer:
A compound statement that is always true is known as a tautology, part of deductive reasoning. A hypothesis is more similar to a suggestion, while a conclusion comes from deductive inference that ends an argument.
Step-by-step explanation:
A compound statement that is always true is described as a tautology. In the realm of deductive reasoning, such a statement is the result of a logical formulation where, given the premises are true, the conclusion will invariably be true as well. This is seen in a form of argument called disjunctive syllogism, an example of a valid deductive inference. For instance, a universal affirmative statement such as 'All mammals are animals' is a type of tautology because it is universally true.
In the context of hypothesis testing, the closest meaning to 'hypothesis' is 'suggestion' (e), since a hypothesis is an assumptive statement that is subject to verification or falsification through testing or experimentation. Unlike a 'conclusion', which is deduced from given premises and denotes the end of an argument, a hypothesis serves as a starting point for inquiry.
The distinction between the hypotheses and conclusions is paramount in logic and reasoning. The thesis statement plays a crucial role as it encapsulates the central claim, often structured around facts, opinion, and the underlying reasoning, thereby setting the stage for the argument or analysis that follows.