Question

The correct order of increasing energy of atomic orbitals is:

A) 5p < 4f < 6s < 5d

B) 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d

C) 4f < 5p < 5d < 6s

D) 5p < 5d < 4f < 6s

Answer 1

The correct order of increasing energy of atomic orbitals is C) 4f < 5p < 5d < 6s, taking into account the principal quantum number and electron shielding effects.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question concerns the correct order of increasing energy of atomic orbitals. Based on the principles of atomic structure and quantum mechanics, the energy of atomic orbitals increases as the principal quantum number, n, increases. However, within a given principal energy level, the energy hierarchy follows the order s < p < d < f. Understanding the concept of electron shielding and orbital penetration is also critical in determining the energy levels. Thus, in general, the correct order of increasing energy for atomic orbitals is 4f < 5p < 5d < 6s.

Keeping these rules in mind, we find that the correct answer for the increasing energy order is Option C) 4f < 5p < 5d < 6s. This order accommodates both the principal quantum number's influence and the effects of orbital penetration and electron shielding.