Final answer:
The number of questions on each topic exam is determined by the difficulty level of the topic, which allows for fair and comprehensive assessments aligned with educational standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of questions on each topic exam is determined by the difficulty level of the topic (option c), not by student preferences, random selection, or seasonal factors. This allows exams to be tailored to the complexity and depth of the material covered, ensuring that the assessment is fair and comprehensive.
For instance, a more complex subject might require more questions to adequately gauge understanding, while a less difficult topic could be sufficiently assessed with fewer questions. Setting the number of exam questions based on difficulty also ensures that the assessment aligns with educational standards and learning objectives.