Final answer:
Chemical bonds are classified as ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), and metallic based on the properties of the bonded atoms and their electronegativity differences. Everyday objects like water, sugar, salt, and copper wires contain these types of bonds. These bond types help determine the physical properties of materials.
Step-by-step explanation:
Types of Chemical Bonds and Their Characteristics
Chemical bonds are typically classified into three main types: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. The type of bond formed depends on the elements involved and their electronegativity (EN). Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons. When two atoms share electrons equally, the bond is nonpolar covalent. If the electronegativity difference (EN difference) is less than 0.5, the bond falls into this category. On the other hand, if the EN difference is between 0.5 to 1.9, a polar covalent bond is formed where the sharing of electrons is unequal. An ionic bond is characterized by an EN difference greater than 1.9, indicating that one atom donates electrons to another, creating ions.
Examples of everyday objects that contain these bonds:
- Covalent bonds: Water (H2O) and sugar (C12H22O11)
- Ionic bonds: Table salt (NaCl) and baking soda (NaHCO3)
- Metallic bonds: Copper wires and aluminum foil
Metallic bonds occur between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a 'sea' of delocalized electrons, granting metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.