Final answer:
P cells (parvocellular cells) are the ganglion cells located in or near the fovea, contributing to high visual acuity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ganglion cells located mostly in or near the fovea are the P cells or parvocellular cells. These cells are responsible for high visual acuity and are able to process fine details and color. In contrast, M cells, or magnocellular cells, and other types of ganglion cells are more dispersed throughout the retina and are responsible for processing motion and gross visual features.
The axons of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) make up the optic nerve. A distinctive feature of the fovea is its high concentration of cone photoreceptors and one-to-one connection with RGCs, which facilitates the high-resolution vision characteristic of this retinal region.
Therefore, within the context of the question and the options provided, the answer is A. P cells.