Final answer:
The P-FIT theory by Jung and Haier is based on cognitive neuroscience and imaging studies, linking brain structure and function to variations in general intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The P-FIT theory created by Jung and Haier (2007) was based upon cognitive neuroscience and imaging studies. This theory, which stands for Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory, suggests that individual differences in intelligence, specifically general intelligence, are related to the function and structure of a network of brain areas, including the parietal and frontal lobes. Cognitive neuroscience relies on brain imaging techniques to understand the relationship between neural mechanisms and cognitive functions, a method vastly different from approaches like psychoanalytic principles, behavioral theories, or humanistic psychology, which focus on other aspects of human behavior and personality.