The correct order is B, C, A, E, D.
The process of natural selection unfolds through a series of stages that reflect the dynamic relationship between organisms and their environment. Initially, individuals within a population exhibit variations (B) as a result of genetic diversity. As the environment undergoes changes (C), certain traits become more advantageous or disadvantageous. The selected characteristics that offer a survival advantage and reproductive success become hereditary (A), as they are passed down to subsequent generations.
In response to environmental pressures, natural selection (E) operates, favoring the traits that enhance an individual's ability to survive and reproduce. Over time, the population undergoes adaptations (D) as those individuals with favorable traits are more likely to pass on their genes. This cyclical process perpetuates the evolution of populations, ensuring that traits conducive to survival in a given environment become increasingly prevalent.