Final answer:
The question that best identifies a compartmentalized cell is whether it has membrane-bound organelles, as these are characteristic of eukaryotic cells and play a key role in cellular functionality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question which would best help identify a compartmentalized cell is: C) Are there membrane-bound organelles within the cell? This is because the presence of membrane-bound organelles is a key feature that distinguishes eukaryotic cells, which are compartmentalized, from prokaryotic cells, which are not.
Membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes are involved in various cellular processes and are partitioned by internal membranes within the cell to carry out their specialized functions efficiently.