Question

Starting with a structural fragment, draw a complete structural formula by adding all of the necessary H's and lone pair electrons.

a) Lewis structure

b) Molecular formula

c) Structural isomer

d) Empirical formula

Answer 1

Drawing a complete structural formula involves arranging atoms, determining valence electrons, placing bonding pairs, adding lone pairs, and checking for completeness.

Step-by-step explanation:

The process of drawing a complete structural formula, including all necessary H's and lone pair electrons, involves several steps.

1. Arrange the atoms to show specific connections, with the central atom usually being the least electronegative element in the compound.
2. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule by adding together the valence electrons from each atom. Include or subtract electrons if the species is a polyatomic ion.
3. Place a bonding pair of electrons between each pair of adjacent atoms to give a single bond.
4. Add enough electrons to each terminal atom to give them an octet (or duet for hydrogen) by adding lone pairs.
5. If any electrons are left, place them on the central atom. If the central atom has fewer electrons than an octet, use lone pairs from terminal atoms to form multiple bonds to the central atom.
6. Check that the octet (or duet for hydrogen) of each atom is complete. If not, adjust the bonding and lone pairs accordingly.