Final answer:
The correct answer to the posed question is b) There is a biological basis. Psychological disorders often have complex causes including genetic and environmental factors. Treatment generally targets symptom management as exact causes are frequently undetermined, but there are known treatments for many such disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question "For most psychological disorders", asks which statement is true regarding these disorders. The correct answer is b) There is a biological basis. This is because most psychological disorders are complex and have a biological foundation, but they also tend to be influenced by environmental factors and individual experiences.
It is difficult to identify the cause of many nervous system disorders because of a combination of factors. For instance, the genes associated with the diseases might not be known, there are no obvious defects in brain structure, and the onset and display of symptoms varies between patients (d. all of the above). The complex interplay of genetics and environment, including emotional trauma and stress, contributes to the variety of manifesting symptoms and challenges in treatment approaches.
Treatment options for nervous system disorders often focus on managing symptoms because the exact causes are not fully determined. However, this does not mean there is no known treatment. Some disorders, such as ADHD, can be treated with medications like stimulants to help manage the symptoms.