Final answer:
The shin bone is known as the tibia, which is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg and the second longest bone in the body. It is paired with the fibula, which is a slimmer, non-weight-bearing bone.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name of the shin bone is D) Tibia. The tibia is the medial and larger bone of the lower leg, paired with the fibula. It is significant as the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg and is the second longest bone in the body following the femur. The tibia's medial side lies immediately under the skin, making it easily palpable. Unlike the tibia, the fibula is a slender bone that does not bear weight and is primarily for muscle attachment. The patella, also known as the kneecap, lies anterior to the knee joint and is embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps, assisting in knee extension by reducing friction.