Final answer:
The best utilitarian response to Cohen's dilemma is to modify the Utilitarian view to reflect a balance of interests and overall happiness, rather than insisting on equal rights for all beings categorically. This approach aligns with utilitarian principles of maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering for all sentient beings. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
In response to Carl Cohen's critique of Peter Singer's Utilitarian view, the most appropriate response which reflects the core principles of utilitarianism would be to modify the Utilitarian view (Option C). Utilitarianism, as argued by philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, emphasizes the greatest happiness for the greatest number. This utilitarian approach does not necessarily advocate for equal rights for all entities categorically, as Carl Cohen's dilemma suggests. Instead, it promotes an ethical framework where the interests of sentient beings, human or non-human, are considered and balanced to maximize overall happiness and reduce suffering. Acknowledging the practical and moral complexities inherent to the way we treat sentient beings, the utilitarian perspective would encourage a nuanced view that seeks the greatest good, which might involve varying forms of consideration for different beings rather than claiming they all have exactly equal rights in all contexts.
When dealing with animal research ethics, a utilitarian approach would advocate for precautions ensuring the most humane treatment possible. In line with the overall goal of producing the greatest happiness, any unnecessary suffering should be minimized. This includes respecting the sentience of animals, ensuring research is conducted with the highest degree of necessity and benefit, and considering the longer-term consequences of the research on societal well-being.
Moreover, Singer's utilitarian approach, which includes all sentient beings, becomes particularly significant when addressing issues such as euthanasia and access to biotechnological advancements. The utilitarian framework seeks to balance complex considerations of immediate and long-term happiness, quality of life, and the pursuit of equality and fairness within society.