Final answer:
In the reaction CH₄ + 2Cl₂ → CCl₄ + 2H₂, carbon forms 4 single bonds with chlorine in CCl₄ with no lone pairs on the carbon, whereas each chlorine has 3 lone pairs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks to determine the Lewis structure for the reaction CH₄ + 2Cl₂ → CCl₄ + 2H₂. The correct answer is option b: 4 single bonds, 0 lone pairs around the carbon atom in CCl₄. This is because, in the Lewis structure, carbon forms four single covalent bonds with chlorine atoms, and all the valence electrons of carbon are involved in bonding, leaving no lone pairs on carbon. Each chlorine atom has three lone pairs and is involved in one single bond with the carbon atom. Hence, when considering the Lewis structure for CCl₄, we see that it consists of a central carbon atom with four chlorine atoms bonded to it, each chlorine atom having three lone pairs, and no lone pairs on the carbon atom. The process of drawing the Lewis structure begins with understanding that carbon has the electronic configuration 2s²2p² and can form four bonds, using these electrons to bond with four chlorine atoms.