Final answer:
Option (c) 2Fe(s) + O₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) → 2Fe(OH)₂(s) is the correct balanced chemical equation for the formation of iron(II) hydroxide from iron, oxygen, and water.
Step-by-step explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the given process is crucial for understanding chemical reactions. From the options provided, (a) 2Fe(s) + O2(g) → 2Fe(OH)2(s), (b) 4Fe(OH)2(s) + O2(g) → 4Fe(OH)2(s), (c) 2Fe(s) + O2(g) + 2H2O(l) → 2Fe(OH)2(s), and (d) 4Fe(OH)2(s) + 2H2O(l) → 4Fe(OH)2(s), only option (c) is the correct and balanced chemical equation that represents the formation of iron(II) hydroxide from iron, oxygen, and water. Other options, such as option (a), suggest a direct reaction that does not form iron(II) hydroxide without water, making it unbalanced. Option (b) and option (d) are identical and represent a process that does not actually happen, as evidence by their incorrect right-hand side being the same as their left-hand sides.