Final answer:
The element with neutral atoms that have 6 valence electrons in their ground state is Sulfur, which is option 4. Elements are grouped by their valence electrons in the periodic table, and sulfur is in group 16, along with oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
If an element has neutral atoms, in their ground state, with 6 valence electrons, the element could be Option 4: Sulfur.
Each element is defined by the number of protons in its nucleus, which is unique to that element. Elements are also grouped into the periodic table based on their valence electrons which correspond to the group number. For example, carbon has 4 valence electrons and forms four chemical bonds, nitrogen has 5 valence electrons and forms three chemical bonds, and oxygen falls into group 16 along with sulfur and has 6 valence electrons forming two chemical bonds. Sulfur, being in the same group as oxygen (group 16), also has 6 valence electrons.