Final answer:
Conflict theory is associated with the idea that political, military, and corporate leaders form an elite group controlling the government and economy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sociological theory associated with the perspective that military, corporate, and political leaders serve as a powerful elite who control the government and the economy is B) Conflict theory. Theorists like C. Wright Mills and G. William Domhoff discuss how a small group, often referred to as the power elite, use their positions and resources to maintain their wealth and power. This essentially prevents the rest of society from economic advancement and serves their own interests through the creation of social policies.
In Conflict Theory, societal structures are understood as the outcome of struggles between social groups competing for wealth and power, which aligns with the description of the elite controlling the government and the economy.