Final answer:
Chloric acid is the name of the acid with the chemical formula HClO3, derived from the root name of the oxyanion chlorate, by replacing 'ate' with 'ic'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The acid HClO3 is known as chloric acid. When naming acids that are based on oxyanions (polyatomic ions that contain oxygen), the acid's name is derived from the root name of the oxyanion, which in this case is 'chlorate' with the suffix 'ate.' For HClO3, we remove the 'ate' and add 'ic' to form 'chloric acid.' It is important to note that different oxyanions with varying numbers of oxygen atoms have different prefixes and suffixes. For example, HClO is hypochlorous acid, HClO2 is chlorous acid, and HClO4 is perchloric acid, indicating different numbers of oxygen atoms bonded to chlorine in each of these acids.