Final answer:
The subject of the question is Chemistry, typically covered in High School. The questions address the concept of standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is essential for comparing different gases since 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters at these conditions. To find the number of moles given a volume of gas at STP, one divides the volume by 22.4 L/mol.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question relates to the behavior of gases under various conditions, specifically inquiring about standard temperature and pressure (STP), the amount of gas at these conditions, and the ideal gas law. The concept of STP is fundamental in chemistry because it provides a reference point for comparing the properties of gases. STP is defined as a temperature of 0°C (273.15 K) and a pressure of 1 atm. At these conditions, one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters. Therefore, in the second question provided, to determine the number of moles of N₂ gas at STP, one would divide the volume of the gas (45.2 L) by the standard molar volume (22.4 L/mol), yielding approximately 2 moles of N₂ gas.
Similarly, if the gas was CH4 instead of N₂, since both are ideal gases and occupy the same volume at STP per mole, the number of moles of CH4 gas would also be the same as that of N₂ gas under the same conditions, which is around 2 moles. These problems demonstrate the importance of the standard molar volume when comparing different gases at STP and the applicability of the ideal gas law (PV = nRT) for calculations involving gases.