Final answer:
Impressionism and Realism are two artistic movements from the 19th century that abandoned a realistic portrayal of the natural world.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the 19th century, there were several artistic movements that abandoned a realistic portrayal of the natural world. One of these movements was Impressionism. Impressionist artists, such as Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, focused on capturing fleeting moments and the effects of light and color in their paintings, rather than creating a realistic representation of the natural world.
Another movement that explored different artistic approaches was Realism. Realist artists depicted everyday life, including the hardships and poverty of the time, in a straightforward and honest manner. Artists like Jean-François Millet and Rosa Bonheur chose to depict rural life, while others like John Sloan and George Luks focused on urban scenes.