Final answer:
To find the number of moles of reactants and products in the reaction of potassium with chlorine, refer to the stoichiometry of the corrected balanced chemical equation 2 K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2 KCl(s). Two moles of potassium will react with one mole of chlorine gas to produce two moles of potassium chloride, the molar mass of the product will determine its mass in grams.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine how many moles of potassium, moles of chlorine, and grams of the product are produced, we need to refer to the balanced chemical equation of a related reaction. The correct equation involving potassium should be 2 K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2 KCl(s), wherein two moles of potassium react with one mole of chlorine gas to yield two moles of potassium chloride. However, the student's question references sodium, so there may be a typo in the original question.
Assuming we are working with the corrected reaction for potassium, the molar stoichiometry of the reaction indicates that for every two moles of potassium reacting, one mole of chlorine gas is needed, and two moles of potassium chloride are produced. The mass of the product can be found by multiplying the number of moles of potassium chloride by its molar mass. The conditions of STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) do not directly affect the stoichiometry, but they allow us to use the mole concept reliably since gases occupy 22.4 L per mole at STP.