Final answer:
The missing information needed to proceed with the chemical reaction of methane with oxygen is the amount of methane in moles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked about the missing quantity or information needed to proceed with the reaction of methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The balanced chemical equation given is: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O. The missing information needed to proceed with the reaction is the amount of methane in moles, as this can determine how much of the other reactants and products are involved.