Final answer:
Melody is showing symptoms most consistent with Bipolar disorder due to the severe mood swings and alternating periods of high energy and depression, which is characteristic of the disorder.
Step-by-step explanation:
Melody is displaying symptoms of Bipolar disorder, which is characterized by dramatic shifts in energy and mood, affecting the individual's ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, includes cycles of manic and depressive episodes.
Mood disorders like Bipolar disorder are the second most common mental disorders in the United States with a notable percentage of U.S. adults likely to be affected annually. Major depression and dysthymic disorder are also prevalent mood disorders that have symptoms like long-term depression and a lack of enjoyment in previously enjoyed activities. However, Melody's severe mood swings and high energy levels alternating with depressed states are more indicative of Bipolar disorder than Major depressive disorder or Generalized anxiety disorder, which do not typically include such high energy phases.
Schizophrenia, on the other hand, involves symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and difficulty distinguishing between reality and imagination, which Melody does not exhibit. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is A) Bipolar disorder.