Final answer:
The type of bones that provide protection for organs and extensive attachment surfaces for muscles are flat bones, such as the sternum, ribs, scapulae, and skull bones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of bones that has a broad shape to cover and protect organs or to provide a surface for large areas of muscle is flat bones. Examples of flat bones include the sternum (breastbone), ribs, scapulae (shoulder blades), and the roof of the skull. These bones are not only broad but often curved, serving as vital protection for internal organs and as points for muscle attachment. Unlike long bones, which are characterized by a long shaft and are typically associated with the limbs, flat bones are found in areas requiring extensive organ protection or broad muscle attachment surfaces.