Final answer:
Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their own capability to complete a task. It plays a pivotal role in motivating behavior and influences how individuals approach challenges and setbacks. So, the correct answer is option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
Self-efficacy is the extent of people's beliefs that they can bring about outcomes. It is an individual's belief in their own capability to complete a task. Self-efficacy plays a pivotal role in motivating behavior and influences how individuals approach challenges and setbacks.
For example, people with high self-efficacy believe that their goals are within reach, have a positive view of challenges, and quickly recover from setbacks. On the other hand, people with low self-efficacy tend to avoid challenging tasks, focus on failure and negative outcomes, and lose confidence in their abilities.
So, the correct answer is option d.