Final answer:
Fascism is entirely opposed to both liberalism and socialism, emphasizing nationalism, hierarchy, and authoritarianism in contrast to socialism's focus on classlessness and liberalism's individual freedoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks to trace the connections between fascism, liberalism, and socialism. The correct answer would be B) Fascism is entirely opposed to both liberalism and socialism. Fascism, as a political ideology and movement, emerged in the early 20th century and shared some common elements with socialism like collectivism and the notion of transcendent social orders, but it differed fundamentally in terms of nationalism, hierarchy, and its stance on private property. Unlike socialism, which sought to eliminate class distinctions and private property, fascism aimed to unite different classes within a nationalistic ethos. Moreover, fascism rejected the individualistic ideals central to liberalism, favoring a strong, authoritarian state structure instead of liberal democracy and individual rights.
Notably, the rise of fascism was partly in response to widespread dissatisfaction with liberal democracies and fears of communist revolutions; it offered a third way that promised national unity and stability. Leaders like Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler in Germany capitalized on the chaos and disappointment with existing systems to propel their fascist movements, emphasizing order, nationhood, and authority while opposing socialist and liberal principles.