Final answer:
John Corvino provides counter-arguments to the idea that homosexuality is harmful or unnatural, highlighting both the evidence of natural same-sex behavior in other species and the loving, consensual nature of same-sex human relationships.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Corvino, a noted philosopher and commentator on sexuality and ethics, provides counter-arguments to the claims that homosexuality causes harm and is unnatural. Corvino refutes the harm claim by pointing out the consensual and loving nature of same-sex relationships, arguing that they do not inherently cause harm to individuals or society. Instead, he posits that the stigma and discrimination against same-sex couples can lead to harm. As for the 'unnatural' claim, Corvino suggests that it relies on a flawed understanding of nature and overlooks the evidence of same sex couplings in many different species, indicating that such behavior can be a natural expression of sexuality.
Moreover, he challenges the notion that the natural law theory automatically condemns homosexuality by discussing variations in natural behavior and the problematic link between biological facts and moral prescriptions. He also critiques the functionalist view that argues homosexuality is dysfunctional for the larger society because it could, in theory, lead to the cessation of procreation if it were the predominant form of relationship. Corvino notes the increasing social and legal acceptance of same-sex relationships and the ability of same-sex couples to have and raise children, thereby questioning the assumption that homosexuality is incompatible with societal function.