Final answer:
The term 'fractionation' refers to the process of separating a mixture into its components or fractions, and is another name for separation in column chromatography.
Step-by-step explanation:
Another name for separation in column chromatography is fractionation. This process involves the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, through a column containing a stationary phase. As the mobile phase passes through the column, different components of the mixture move at different rates due to their varying partition coefficients and interactions with the stationary phase, resulting in the separation of the mixture into distinct bands that can be collected individually (e.g., Figure 14.8.3).
Column chromatography is a versatile technique used for the separation of analytes, where the chromatographic separations are based on the selective partitioning of the solute between the mobile and stationary phases. This method is different from other separation techniques such as distillation, which is based on differences in boiling points; filtration, which involves separating solids from fluids; and precipitation, where a substance is separated from a solution as a solid.