Final answer:
The equilibrium position of a pendulum is when it is hanging straight down, at which point the forces are balanced and it is motionless if started at rest.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about the equilibrium position of a pendulum. The equilibrium position of a pendulum is when it is subjected to no net external force aside from gravity, and in this state, the pendulum would ideally be motionless. The correct answer is b. When the pendulum is hanging straight down.
At this point, gravity is acting directly downward on the mass, and the tension in the string is directed upward, counteracting gravity perfectly and resulting in no motion if the pendulum starts at rest. This is the position in which the forces are perfectly balanced, which is what defines equilibrium in physics.
The final value is greater than the right-hand constraint in solver when the objective function is minimized.
This means that the solver has found a solution that minimizes the objective function while still satisfying the constraints. In mathematical optimization problems, the objective function represents the quantity to be optimized, and the constraints define the limitations and conditions that must be satisfied.