Final answer:
The synapse is responsible for the connection between one neuron and another, with the axon carrying the signal to the synapse where it is transmitted to the next neuron.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of a neuron responsible for the connection between one neuron and the next is the synapse. The axon of one neuron ends at the synapse, and it is here that the electrical signal is transmitted across a small gap called the synaptic cleft to the dendrites of the next neuron. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C) Synapse. The axon plays a crucial role in carrying signals away from the neuron's cell body (soma), towards the synapse, where it can then be passed on to another neuron or target cell.