Final answer:
The Sanger Sequencing Mix Composition includes primers and nucleotides, where primers initiate DNA synthesis and nucleotides, along with dideoxynucleotides, are incorporated into the growing DNA strand to terminate elongation for sequence determination.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question “Sanger Sequencing Mix Composition” is A. Primers and nucleotides. Sanger sequencing, also known as the chain termination method, is a process that requires several key components for DNA replication of a single-stranded template. Among these components, primers are utilized to initiate the synthesis, while a mix of the four regular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (A, T, G, and C), called nucleotides, are added to each of the four reaction tubes. Additionally, each tube receives a limited quantity of one type of dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs), which are crucial for terminating the DNA replication at specific points. This mix allows the production of DNA fragments that differ in length by a single nucleotide.
DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strands and the dideoxynucleotides, each labeled with a unique fluorescent marker, terminate the elongation process when incorporated. The result is a collection of DNA fragments of varying lengths that can be separated by electrophoresis and read out on an electropherogram to determine the DNA sequence.