Final answer:
The question pertains to the impact of internal resistance of a battery on current and terminal voltage, using Ohm's law and related formulas to calculate these values for a 12-volt battery with a specific internal resistance. The correct option is D) It depends on the current.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question deals with the concept of internal resistance in a battery and how it affects current flow and terminal voltage. In the case of a 12-volt battery with internal resistance, we use Ohm's law and the definition of terminal voltage to calculate the desired parameters.
To find out the current when the battery is short-circuited, we would divide the electromotive force (emf) by the total resistance, which is the sum of internal resistance and external resistance (in the case of short-circuit, the external resistance is practically zero).
Additionally, to find the terminal voltage when delivering a certain current to a circuit, the formula V = emf - Ir, where 'I' is the current and 'r' is the internal resistance, can be applied.