Final answer:
Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory identifies economic factors as relevant to criminal behavior, making Option C (economic factors are irrelevant) false.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Shaw and McKay, the statement that economic factors are irrelevant to criminal behavior (Option C) is false. Social disorganization theory suggests that social and economic factors, such as poverty, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility, have a significant impact on crime rates. High residential mobility, for example, is associated with increased crime because it undermines community stability and social control. Additionally, neighborhoods with poor economic conditions and a transient population find it more challenging to develop strong social bonds that are essential in maintaining social order and deterring crime.