Final answer:
The statement about Colonel Fannin being the only Texan spared during the Goliad massacre is b) false; he was executed along with many of his troops. The Texans defeated General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto, ultimately leading to the independence of the Republic of Texas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The claim that Colonel Fannin was the only Texan spared during the Goliad massacre is b) false. Historical records indicate that Colonel James Fannin was among those who were executed along with his men, thus the correct answer is B. False. The Goliad Massacre is a well-documented event where Colonel Fannin and his troops were captured by the Mexican forces led by General Santa Anna and were executed under his orders, contrary to the rules of war at that time.
Regarding Texas' fight for independence, the texans' ultimate defeat of Mexican General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's army occurred at the Battle of San Jacinto, which is option B. This decisive battle on April 21, 1836, led to the capture of Santa Anna and the subsequent Treaties of Velasco, paving the way for the eventual independence of the Republic of Texas. The Long Expedition's establishment of a short-lived Texas republic was known as the Republic of Fredonia, which is option D. These battles and events were pivotal in leading to the independence and formation of the Republic of Texas, later to be annexed to the United States.