Final answer:
The accuracy and sensitivity of gravimetric analysis in determining water hardness depend on the volume of the solution, the temperature of the reaction, the pH levels, and the specific gravimetric method used in the analysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The accuracy and sensitivity of gravimetric analysis to determine water hardness are affected by several factors. These include the volume of the solution (A), the temperature at which the analysis is carried out (B), the pH levels during the reaction (C), and the specific method used for the analysis (D).
The volume of solution is important because it can influence the concentration of ions and the extent of the precipitation reaction. Precipitation is a common step in gravimetric analysis that allows the analyte to be isolated and weighed. Larger volumes might dilute the analyte, affecting the formation of precipitates.
Temperature can affect the solubilities of inorganic and organic solids in water, which in turn affects the precipitation process. Some compounds have their solubility increased with temperature, while others decrease, directly impacting the accuracy and sensitivity of the analysis.
The pH levels can influence the formation of precipitates. Many precipitation reactions are dependent on the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution, and an inappropriate pH can prevent the analyte from precipitating out or create unwanted side reactions.
The specific method used for gravimetric analysis, such as controlled heating to evaporate water or employing specific precipitation reactions, plays a crucial role in the accuracy and sensitivity of the measurement. Different methods can yield different levels of precision and might require different conditions for optimal results.