Final answer:
The term that does not apply to the fugue is 'figured bass'. While the subject, episode, pedal point, and exposition are integral parts of the fugue form, figured bass is a type of musical notation that is not specific to fugues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that does not apply to the fugue is figured bass. A fugue is a complex style of composition that originated in the Baroque period. This form relies heavily on the interplay of voices and uses specific musical techniques and elements.
The subject of a fugue is its main theme, introduced at the beginning in one voice and then imitated by other voices. An episode is a connecting passage that develops material between presentations of the subject. The pedal point is a sustained note, typically in the bass, over which other voices produce a series of changing harmonies. An exposition is the initial section of the fugue where the subject is presented in each voice at least once.
On the other hand, figured bass is a musical notation using numbers to indicate chords relative to the bass note of the music and is associated with the Baroque period's basso continuo practice, rather than the structure of a fugue.