Final answer:
Homologous alleles and alleles on the same chromosome cross over the most frequently since crossing-over occurs between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, contributing to genetic diversity. The correct option is a. Homologous alleles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chromosomal alleles that will cross-over the most frequently are a. Homologous alleles and d. Alleles on the same chromosome. Crossing-over is an important process that occurs when two homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material during meiosis I.
This genetic recombination contributes to genetic diversity in offspring. Linked genes, which are located on the same chromosome, generally do not cross over as often unless they are far apart on the chromosome.
As the distance between two genes on the same chromosome increases, so does the probability of crossing-over occurring between them, which can lead to the production of recombinant chromosomes.
Genes located on different chromosomes or those that are sex-linked do not follow this pattern of recombination. The correct option is a. Homologous alleles.