Final answer:
Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional, which are explained in this answer. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. In the preconventional level, individuals follow rules to avoid punishment. In the conventional level, individuals act in accordance with self-chosen ethical principles and consider what society considers moral and immoral. In the postconventional level, individuals seek approval from others and think of morality in abstract terms.
The option labeled 'D) Unconventional' is not part of Kohlberg's theory and does not match any stage of moral reasoning he described.
Kohlberg's theory progresses from an individual's capacity for preconventional morality, typically before age 9, where the focus is on obedience and avoiding punishment, to the conventional level developing during early adolescence with a focus on conformity and societal norms. Lastly, the postconventional level is where morality is based on abstract principles and ethical values that may conflict with legal codes or social norms. This stage is reached later and is not achieved by everyone.