Final answer:
In calorimetry, heat capacity refers to the energy needed to raise the temperature of the entire mass of a substance by 1°C, while specific heat represents the energy to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1°C. To calculate heat capacity, multiply the mass of the substance by its specific heat. The volume change is generally not measured in calorimetry.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Calorimetry
Calorimetry is a technique used in physics to measure enthalpy changes during chemical processes. It utilizes calorimeters to detect temperature changes resulting from heat absorbed or released. The heat capacity of a substance indicates the energy required to raise the entire mass of the substance by 1°C. In contrast, the specific heat is the energy needed to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
The specific heat formula is expressed as: heat = mass × specific heat (Cs) × temperature change (ΔT). Water is known for having a high specific heat, meaning it can absorb a considerable amount of heat without a significant increase in temperature. This makes water an excellent substance for use in calorimeters when measuring the heat transfer of reactions.
To calculate heat capacity in joules and in calories per degree, one can use the mass of the substance and its specific heat. For example:
Volume change is not typically a result of calorimetry, as the process primarily involves measuring temperature change rather than physical changes to volume.