Final answer:
Operant and Classical conditioning are two distinct types of behavior important to behavior analysis, with Operant involving learning from the consequences of behavior and Classical involving learning through association.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two functionally distinct types of behavior that are important to behavior analysis are Operant and Classical conditioning. These are forms of associative learning. In Operant Conditioning, an organism learns to associate a behavior with its consequences, often through rewards or punishments, thus affecting the likelihood of the behavior occurring again. In contrast, Classical Conditioning involves learning through association between two stimuli, resulting in a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
Classical and Operant conditioning are fundamental in understanding how behaviors are acquired, maintained, or modified. For instance, if the sound of a toaster causes your mouth to water, in terms of classical conditioning, the toaster (CS - conditioned stimulus) has been associated with the anticipation of eating (CR - conditioned response), probably because the sound has repeatedly been paired with the sight or smell of toast (UCS - unconditioned stimulus).