Final answer:
The windward side of a mountain faces the wind and typically receives more rain, while the leeward side is sheltered from the wind and is often drier due to the rain shadow effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
To classify the sides of a mountain based on the direction of the prevailing winds:
The Windward Side is the side of the mountain facing the wind. This side commonly receives more precipitation due to the rising and cooling of moist air, leading to condensation and rain. An example of this can be seen on the Hawaiian island of Kauai, where the windward side receives an exceptional amount of rainfall.
The Leeward Side is the side sheltered from the wind. Here the air descends, warms up, and can cause drier conditions, often resulting in a rain shadow effect. This creates semi-arid or arid climates, such as the conditions seen on the leeward side of the same Hawaiian island or on the side of the Himalayas facing western China.
The correct classification would be: A) Windward Side - Facing the Wind, Leeward Side - Sheltered from the Wind.