Final answer:
In an RL circuit connected to an AC voltage source, the current is zero at time t = 0, the inductor is fully charged, the voltage is not zero but gradually decreases, and the resistor is not short-circuited.
Step-by-step explanation:
In an RL circuit connected to an AC voltage source, the time variation of the current is given by the equation I(t) = (1 - e-Rt/L), where R is the resistance and L is the inductance. At time t = 0, the current is zero (option A).
As the current increases, the inductor gradually charges and reaches its maximum voltage (option B). The voltage across the resistor is not zero, but it gradually decreases as the current approaches its maximum value (option C). The resistor is not short-circuited (option D)
As time progresses, the inductor's opposition diminishes, allowing the current to reach its maximum.
The process reflects the behavior of inductors in circuits, where they resist abrupt changes in current and eventually reach a point of equilibrium, becoming fully charged in the given context.