Final answer:
The best measurement to determine absolute advantage is high efficiency, as it reflects the ability to produce more with fewer resources. Opportunity cost must be calculated to determine comparative advantage, which requires data on trade-offs between goods. The correct option is d
Step-by-step explanation:
The best measurement to use to determine who might have the absolute advantage in production is considering the one who can produce a good using fewer resources, or in other words, apply high efficiency.
Therefore, the correct answer is d) High efficiency. Absolute advantage refers to the ability of a party to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors, using the same amount of resources.
For instance, if Country A can produce 100 televisions using the same resources Country B uses to produce 80 televisions, Country A has an absolute advantage in the production of televisions.
When calculating opportunity cost, you compare the trade-off of producing one good over another. The country with the comparative advantage is the one that forgoes the least output of other goods when producing a good, indicating a lower opportunity cost.
If we were to calculate the opportunity cost of producing one additional television set in Germany and in Poland, we would have to know how much of another good (like radios, video cameras, or green beans) each country must give up to produce that additional television set.