Question

Two DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis. Check all of the statements that are true of the DNA fragment that traveled less far in the gel.

Option 1: It has a larger size.
Option 2: It has a higher charge.
Option 3: It migrated faster.
Option 4: It has a smaller size.

Answer 1

Two DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.

Option 1: It has a larger size.

Option 4: It has a smaller size.

statements are true of the DNA fragment that traveled less far in the gel.

Step-by-step explanation:

In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on size and charge. The distance traveled by a DNA fragment in the gel is inversely proportional to its size. Larger fragments experience more resistance and migrate less distance, while smaller fragments move farther. Therefore, Option 1 is true, as the DNA fragment that traveled less far in the gel has a larger size. Conversely, Option 4 is also true, as the fragment that migrated less has a smaller size.

The movement of DNA fragments in the gel is influenced by both their size and charge. The gel has a matrix that creates resistance, and the smaller fragments experience less hindrance, allowing them to migrate faster and farther. Charge is not a primary factor in determining the distance traveled unless there is a significant difference in charge between the fragments. In this scenario, the primary factor affecting migration is the size of the DNA fragments.

In summary, the DNA fragment that traveled less far in the gel has a larger size (Option 1) and, consequently, a smaller size (Option 4). This reflects the fundamental principles of gel electrophoresis, where size is a critical factor in determining the migration pattern of DNA fragments.