Final answer:
Option d, 'To measure changes in average rainfall,' is the method not associated with vector calculus among the provided options, as average rainfall is a scalar quantity that does not involve direction and thus does not typically use vector calculus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'Which method is not an application of vector calculus?' relates to the field of mathematics, specifically vector calculus. The question falls under the College level, as it requires a higher understanding of mathematical applications.
In Mathematics, vector calculus is a powerful tool that is used to model and analyze physical phenomena involving vector fields and functions. Option d, 'To measure changes in average rainfall,' does not directly involve vector calculus since average rainfall is generally a scalar quantity and does not depend on direction, making the use of vector calculus inappropriate for such measurements.
The method not an application of vector calculus for the given options is 'd. To measure changes in average rainfall.'
Vector calculus is predominantly used to solve problems where direction is significant. It is used in fields such as electromagnetism and fluid dynamics, where the direction and magnitude of fields and forces are crucial. Options a, b, and c involve changes in temperature, wind speed and direction, and atmospheric pressure – these are all variables that can have both magnitude and direction, making vector calculus an ideal tool for their analysis. However, measuring the average rainfall involves aggregating scalar quantities, which does not require the consideration of direction, and therefore, does not typically employ vector calculus. Traditional statistical and analytical methods are more suited for this task.