Final answer:
The sun's duration above the horizon varies depending on geographic location and date, with about 12 hours at the equator, 15 hours on June 21, and 9 hours on December 21 in the Northern Hemisphere's mid-latitudes, and extreme day lengths within the Arctic Circle during the summer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The number of hours the sun was above the horizon on your birthday at your birthplace cannot be calculated without specific information about the location and date of your birth. However, using the provided general information and examples, on the equator, the duration of daylight varies minimally throughout the year, generally close to 12 hours.
During equinoxes, which occur around March 21 and September 21, the entire Earth experiences approximately equal hours of day and night due to the sun crossing the celestial equator. Places on the Tropic of Cancer (latitude 23.5° N), like in the example for December 21, experience different sun paths and therefore varying hours of daylight throughout the year. On June 21, for example, in the Northern Hemisphere, the sun typically spends about 15 hours above the horizon.
Conversely, on December 21, it's approximately 9 hours. As for locations experiencing extreme day lengths like in option E, this would occur within the Arctic Circle during the summer months.