Final answer:
Planned ignoring includes contingent removal of attention as a form of negative punishment to decrease unwanted behaviors. So, the correct answer is option a
Step-by-step explanation:
Planned ignoring includes contingent removal of attention as a form of negative punishment. When a child engages in unwanted behavior, caregivers deliberately withhold attention as a consequence in order to decrease the occurrence of the behavior. For example, if a child pushes another child while playing on the playground, the child who misbehaved may be ignored for a short period of time. This approach aims to discourage the unwanted behavior by removing the reinforcing attention from the caregiver.
So, the correct answer is option a.