Final answer:
The primary difference between Darwinian and Gospel movements for social change is that Darwinism is based on the scientific principles of natural selection and gradualism, whereas the Gospel movement is based on applying Christian teachings to improve society morally and ethically.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fundamental difference between the Darwinian and Gospel movements in fostering social change lies in their differing conceptions of human nature and progress. The Darwinian viewpoint, emerging from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, suggests that changes in species, including humans, occur due to random genetic mutations and the subsequent survival of those best adapted to their environment. This process, known as gradualism, posits that there is no divine plan or purpose in the natural evolution of species.
Contrastingly, the Gospel movement, particularly the Social Gospel Movement, applies the principles of Christianity to address and resolve societal issues. It emphasizes the moral and ethical teachings of Jesus to effect social change, often focusing on alleviating issues like poverty, crime, and child labor. This movement is grounded in the belief that divine teachings can inspire individuals and societies towards higher moral virtues, and that asking "What would Jesus do?" can lead to just and compassionate social practices.
While the Darwinian approach is rooted in a scientific understanding of random adaptation and the 'survival of the fittest', the Gospel movement relies on Christian ethical principles to advocate for societal improvements and to challenge social inequalities. It's a contrast between a naturalistic framework and a religiously inspired moral imperative for progress.