Final answer:
In the given options, a survey about food preferences would present no likelihood of harm to participants as it does not involve exposure to physical or psychological risks. Other research scenarios each have their own potential risks and require ethical considerations such as avoiding conflicts of interest and ensuring participant safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the given research scenarios, a survey about food preferences would present no likelihood of harm to the participants. This is because this type of survey typically involves non-invasive questions and does not expose participants to physical or psychological risks. In contrast, a long-term drug trial involves potential side effects and adverse reactions, a psychological interview could delve into sensitive areas causing emotional distress, and a physical fitness assessment may lead to physical strain or injury.
- Symbolic interactionists are likely to use participant observation as their research technique.
- Longitudinal research involves following a group of participants over an extended period of time to observe changes and developments.
- Researchers ethically cannot accept funding from sources that may lead to conflicts of interest, such as a fast-food restaurant, when studying the effects of fast food on health and culture.
- Sigmund Freud's research approach, involving in-depth interviews over time with a few clients, is classified as a case study.