Final answer:
The correct categorization is Duccio - Gothic and Giotto - Renaissance. Duccio was known for his Gothic elements and Byzantine influence, while Giotto is celebrated for initiating a move towards realistic and naturalistic depictions, setting the stage for the Renaissance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, the most accurate is b) Duccio - Gothic, Giotto - Renaissance. Duccio of Siena, though he incorporated some elements of the Gothic style, was known for his Byzantine influence, marked by the use of delicate detail and refined colors, as well as expressive, human figures. His work is considered part of the International Gothic style, which flourished during the 14th century in places like Tuscany. Giotto, on the other hand, is frequently heralded as a preeminent figure of the Proto-Renaissance, notably for his break from the Byzantine tradition towards a more realistic and naturalistic representation of figures and space, utilizing chiaroscuro and foreshortening techniques.
In summary, Duccio's paintings are characterized by their Gothic elements, elegance, idealization, and decorative beauty, while Giotto's are marked by a clear movement towards the Renaissance ideals of naturalism, realism and a more three-dimensional spatial understanding.