Final answer:
Hard water contains higher levels of minerals, leading to scale buildup, which can damage equipment. The correct answer is b) Minerals; scale buildup. Water softeners are used to prevent these issues by removing calcium and magnesium.
Step-by-step explanation:
In comparison to other water, hard water contains more minerals, which can lead to scale buildup and can damage water handling equipment. Therefore, the correct answer is b) Minerals; scale buildup. Hard water develops naturally due to the dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonate minerals in soil and does not have negative health effects on people. However, these minerals reduce the water's ability to create soapsuds and enhance the formation of scales on hot water equipment such as boilers and water heaters. This scale, composed largely of calcium and magnesium carbonates, can significantly reduce the efficiency and lifespan of water handling equipment. Water softeners are commonly used to remove calcium and magnesium, making water lather more easily and preventing scale formation.